Today in class we went over the test that we took thursday. Then we had a parttty ! & we watched some video about Carp fish. and There was food there too that people brought.

Today in class we took the final test of the year besides the exam. I got an 80% on the test which helped my grade a lot. It was really short.

I wasn't in class today.

Today in class I found out we have a test on Thursday. We went over the answers to a handout we did in class today. I got most of the answers right so I'm feeling pretty good about Thursday's test.

Today in class we went over the tests. Everyone turned in their essays on time today too. This is just a reminder that i'm not going to be in school Thursday or Friday.

Today in class we got to review each others papers. Rita, Colleen and Cole reviewed mine. They all gave me some good ideas on how to make my paper better! I hope i get a good grade on this paper because i worked really hard and it could really help my grade in this class.

Today in class Mr. Schick wasn't here. We got to work on our essays. I got mine almost done. I think it's pretty good so far.

Today we took a test. Then we got assigned to write an essay on the difference between the roman empire and roman republic. It has to be 500 words meaning 475- 650.  It needs to be 12 size font in times new roman. It needs to be typed and handed in by Wednesday. Bring it in tuesday or else you lose 20 points.

Baby on his leg on a dolphin is Cupid.


Meanwhile - religious troubles

• Christianity and Judaism: monotheistic
• romans had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a god.
• ad 66: a group of Jews called the zealots tried to rebel, but roman troops put them down and burned their temple, except for one wall)
• the western wall today is the holiest of all Jewish shrines
• half a million Jews died in the rebellion.

Persecution of Christians

• Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor
• especially Christians, who were vied as followers of new, upstart religion (cult)
• often used for entertainment purposes in the Colosseum (thrown to the lions, etc)
• despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly- by ad 200 around 10 percent of the people in the Roman empire were Christians.
• no one wanted to say they were a Christians

Augustus- the first emperor- getting it done

• begins the pax  romana- the roman peace
• begins with Augustus
• quit trying to conquer
• focused on the empire
• built roads, aqueducts (brought water to the cities)
• good for transportation
• good for security
• could get fresh water into the city
• set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even a postal service
• took care of roads
• got stuff where it needed to be
• taxes used to maintain the city
• Augustus dies at age 76 in AD 41,  and passes power to Tiberius.

From Jesus to Christianity

• Jesus was a roman citizen and a practicing Jew.
• lived in a roman province
• born in Judea
• lived in an area controlled by romans
• observed the passover- plenty in the bible
• only know about him from what's in the gospel
• a lot of guys like Jesus
• at 30, he began his ministry preaching to the poor in the empire and reaching out to outsiders
• focused on the poor because there we so many of them
• tried to make them feel like someone was looking out for them (god)
• was non violent and non confrontational
• statements like "my kingdom is one of this world" made the Romans (and the Jews) nervous and they began to plan his execution
• Romans only had the right to execute Jesus
• religious people didn't execute people

The word spreads about the risen Jesus.

• Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus life, death, resurrection, and message
• he travels far and wide: Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem, and maybe even Spain and Britain
• spread the word of jesus
• He writes letters to many of those he spoke to- these epistles are a part of the New Testament
• if not for the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher instead of the central figure of the world's largest religon

The 100: A ranking of the Most influential personsin history

1. Muhammad
2. Sir Isaac newton
1. only non religous person
3. Jesus
4. Buddha
1. started a relgion
5. Confucius
1. founded the biggest religon in china
6. st. Paul of tarsus

Back to Tiberius

• As augustus' stepson and adopted son, Tiberius succeeded Octavian
• Octavian had other people in mind but since he was so old the other people died.
• forced into it
• Although a great general, he was a dark, somber, reclusive, and reluctant emporer.
• He referred to the Senate as "Men fit to be slaves"
• not a good thing to compare
• germinacus started out as Tiberius' ally, since he quelled a legion mutiny, but when it looked like he would suceed Tiberius, he god paranoid and had Germanicus killed
• died in ad 37 at the age of 77, giving way

Caligula - good start...

• in addition to being Germanicus' son, he was Tiberius' adopted grandson and a great nephew
• putting him next in line for emperor
• he started off well: granting bonuses to those in the military, declaring treason trials a thing of the past, and made government spending a public record
• all in all the first seven months of Caligula's reign were "completely blissful" then...

...Bad finish for Caligula

• he began to fight with the senate
• he claimed to be a god, and had statues displayed in many places - including the Jewish temple in Jerusalem
• wasn't as weird as you would think
• got weird when he asked for his statue to be going into other religious places of worship
• tried to make his horse a consul
• rode his horse across a river after someone made a remark

Next in line: Claudius

• ostracized by his family because of his disabilities, he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed
• He rose to the occasion: he conquered Britain; he built roads, canals, and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus
• Had an awful marriage to Messalina, who was quite often unfaithful to him, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius through a coup - so Claudius had them killed

Jesus

·         Itinerate preacher

·         Told them not to worry about eating and what they were wearing

·         Speaks of the rule of god

o   Relieve and hope for poor

·         Spoke to a lot of people

·         Said god is going to do something about the situation

·         Drove him out of town

o   Brought him to a cliff and threatened to throw him over the hill

·         Told people to follow him

·         Yr. 33

o   Traveled to Jerusalem

o   Went with pilgrims

o   Jesus was appalled at the pilgrims wanting animals to sacrifice

o   Commanded them to leave

·         Jesus was arrested

o   Probably for political subversion

Caligula

·         Became emperor

·         25 years old

·         Tiberius dead

·         At first lived up to expectations

·         Went to invade Britain

o   Commanded them to gather seashells

·         Ill the previous year

·         Suffered from by polar behavior

·         Went to sacrifice a sheep

o   Went to kill the animal

§  Missed and hit a priest and killed him

·         Ordered a statue carved showing himself as a god

·         Planned to build it in the temple of Jerusalem

o   Ultimate sac religion

Claudius

·         Ill when he was a child

·         Disfigured for the rest of his life

·         Claudius became the heir  of Augustus

·         Increased women rights

·         Apologized

·         Roman senate resisted new people

·         Won and took another step towards intrigation

·         Weak spot was his wife

o   Didn’t like him

o   Had affairs

o   Had an affair with a noble men

·         Ordered men to kill her

o   found her with her mother

·         he began to lose his grip

Tiberius

• Octavian's adopted son
• took over for Octavian
• forced to divorce and marry emperor
• didn't expect to become emperor
• 
  

Granicus

• nice, young, respected
• tries to fix army

Caligula

• little 2 year old
• called him Bootsie
• dad died-poisoned
• dad was Granicus
• imprisoned his own brothers
• 
  

today in class we watched a movie. we took notes on paper so i don't have any notes to put on here.

Today in class I took the Rome test. I think I did okay on it. After i took the test we went over 2 other tests we just got back.

Today I wasn't in school.

Latifundia

• there were huge socioeconomic effects from the huge change in wealth. the wealthy started latifundia's which were plantations run with slave labor.
• these were cheaper to run and forced farmers to sell their land and move to Rome
• with these latifundia's, the rich kept getting richer and the poor kept getting poorer. of course the rich were happy, powerful, and greedy, but this created a corruption. the poor on the other hand were angry and caused riots.

Gracchus Brothers

• out of these riots, rose the Gracchus brothers.
• these brothers led movements for public good and redistribution of land.
• they also wanted the government to supply food to the poor and create a sort of welfare.
• the Gracchus brothers were soon seen as a threat and were killed along with their followers. this triggered a one hundred year war.

The Rubricon

• a stream in northeastern Italy that marked the ancient boundary between Italy and Csalpine

Julius Ceaser

• Julius ceasar started to rise in 60 BC
• in 58 BC ceasar started his the conquest of Gaul
• he wanted to get rich as possible
• after his campaign Caesar decided to stay in Gaul with his army until he would be chosen as the new consul.
• political opponents wanted him to get back to Rome and be prosecuted for the things he had done when he was a consul
• he had made a decision that resulted in the fall of the roman republic. he lead his armies across the river of Rubicon and said the well know "Aiacton est" . he started towards Rome in January of 490

Marcus Licinius Crassus

• he was an influential roman politician from the late republic
• he was renowned for his enormous wealth

Julius's dead

• stabbed 23 times when he was killed
• last words were "et tu brute"
• was killed on march 15.

The assassination

• the assassination day was march 15, BC
• 60 or more men participated in the assassination
• words were never proven to be said

His death

• was first stabbed by a guy named casca
• after casca stabbed him he took casca's arm and pushed him away.
• he tried to get up then he felt another wound and realized that he was stabbed 23 times. he then fell to the floor

Octavian

• octavian was the grand nephew and adopted son of julius ceaser
• at 19 he was a small, sickly boy who ruled with mark antony
• the both got revenge on the people who killed julius: over 100 senators and 2000 buisnessmen
• got the help of lepidus

Wednesday in class mr. Schick wasn't here. we worked on our powerpoints. i think we made a lot of progress.

Today in class we got new seats. We got to pick them. Mr. Schick also let us retake the second quiz again which i really appreciate because i didn't do good on the second quiz at all. I think i got a 70 or an 80 on this retake.

Rome

Gaul

Cleopatra

Octavian

Augustus

Crassus

Gracchus

plebians

tiber river

patricians

i could only upload 5 at a time

• Consuls- commanded the army and directed the governmen
• Veto- means "forbid" in Latin
• Senate- aristocratic branch of Rome's governmen. plebians were members
• Assembly- democratic side of Roman government. all citizen soldiers were members
• Dictator- a leader who had absolute power to make laws & command the army. it lasted 6 months and chosen by senetors
• Mercenary- soldier who fights in army for pay

1. (a) Why were many plebeians dissatisfied with Rome's government in the early years of the republic?

• They couldn't make important decisions. 

(b) How did they win reforms?

• They wouldn't agree to fight in the Roman army.

(c) What changes did they bring about in Roman government?

•  They brought about The Twelve Tables.

2. Why did Romans consider that they had a balanced government?

• The romans government was balanced because it was partly a monarchy, partly an aristocracy, and partly a democracy.

3. Once Rome had conquered most of Italy, how did the Roman government win the support of the conquered people?

• They gave them the name of half-citizens and all gave them all rights except voting.

4. (a) At the start of the Punic Wars, why might Carthage have appeared the stronger power?

• Carthage was three times the size of Rome. They were wealthy and had huge armies.

(b) Why was Rome, in fact, the victor?

• They had more than 500,000 troops. They were loyal.

5. Why was the Battle of Zarma a major turning point in history?

• If Rome would not have won, its laws, government, andd culture would not have been passed. 

6. (a) Why did the Greeks at first welcome Roman armies?

•  Rome freed them.

(b) Why did the Greek attitude change?

• Rome crushed all opposition to rulers favored by Rome.

• Tarquin the proud
• unreasonable
• mean
• townspeople ran him out of town
• last roman king

Define.


republic- a political unit that is not ruled by a monarch and in which citizens with the right to vote choose their leaders.


gravitas- weightiness or seriousness




pater familias- dad of family


toga- uncomfortable garment.


patrician- especially privileged families


plebeian-


legion- military unit of men on foot. about 4,000


century- 60 smaller groups that make up the legion




Questions.

• How did geography help Rome?
• Rome was built on hilltops. It made it easeir for them to defend and harder for their enemies to come get them.
• Why was each of the following groups important to Romes Development? a. lantins b. greeks c etruscans.
• Rome began as a settlement full of Latin farmers.
• Greeks made like 45 colonies on the coast of souther Italy.
• The Etruscans had a writing system which started Romes writing. IT was an influences on their culture.
• What were the values of Roman society?
• Honor in their families.
• (a) How was the Roman household organized. (b) What freedoms did women have in society and family?
• a. Oldest male was the man of the house. He could sell a family member into slavery if he wanted to. Pretty much the dad of the family.
• b. In society, they were free and could own property. At home she had to sit upright in a chair when eating dinner.
• How was the army linked to Roman Society?
• Every male served in the army.

Identify

• Italy- country located in south central Europe
• Rome- capital of Italy
• Romulus- twin brother and wanted to build a new city
• palatine hill- center of the seven hills in Rome
• alps- mountain range in europe
• tiber river- 3rd longest river in italy
• appennine mountains- mountains in italy
• Latins- Italian tribe in central and south central italy
• etruscans- ?
• forum- ancient government buildings

Wednesday in class, we had a test. I don't really know how good i did on it. We only had a one day notice, so i didn't get a lot of time to study. The test was really hard though. SOme of the stuff i don't even remember going over in class?

• What were the 3 orders?

• Doric
• Corenthian
• Ionic

• What is frieze?
• Decorative little statues of people.
• What was the date the people fist revolted against their leader?
• 508 BC
• What were the ancient Greek sculptures made of?
• bronze
• limestone
• marble
• What are the 5 forms of art?
• architecture
• sculpture
• painting
• pottery
• music
• Socrates?
• always was asking questions
• Socratic method
• charged with corruption and inimpty of young mens mind
• sentenced to death at age 70 using hemlock poisoning
• Plato?
• socrates people.
• taught by him
• had political philosphy
• thought philosphers should be in charge
• Describe the allagory of platos cage?
• went againsts socratic method
• told prisoners about everything
• made them look straight and put on a shadow play
• people are telling you what to do but its not true
• let one of them go
• came back in and prisoners didn't believe him
• eyes had to adjust so he couldn't recognize the shadows
• Aristotle
• told people how to live their lives
• produced nearly 1000 books and phamplets
• started a school when he was 50
• Who started the Peloponeasean war?
• Athens or sparta
• What was Spartas strategy?
• attack neighboring countries
• What was athens Strategy?
• built walls surrounding everyone in
• everyone got sick
• fatal disease
• What are the 3 main categories of drama?
• comdedy
• tragedy
• satrys
• Performed ?
• in theatres
• big area
• many people were  very far away
• seats carved into hill
• used special masks to project voice
• Uclid?
• discovered geometry
• Archimedies?
• discovered physical displacement
• when you put something in water and the water rises
• used levers and pulleys
• 
  
• 
  

1. Socrates
2. Plato
3. Aristotle

EMILY

• Alexanders Conquests
• born in Pella, capital of Macedonia
• son of Phillip II
• When he was 13, Philip hired Aristotle to be Alexanders personal tutor
• started in Macedonia and went to Egypt and then to Mesopotamia and to Persia and bactra
• Conquests
• first he attacked Thessaly
• in 335 he defeated the Thracian, up through the Danube river
• next he defeated and crushed the illyranius
• Alexander declared war on Persia in 334 BC by defeating Persia ?
• Alexander traveled southward where he defeated king Darius III 
• next he conquered tyre
• then he capture Gaza
• then he traveled to Egypt that gave him control of the mediteranean east side ?
• after Alexander spent about a year organizing all for his lands an preparing for his next invasions
• arrived in Babylonia 
• died at age of 32 from a fever
• after his empire died, his empire was divided into four kingdoms
• final facts
• Alexander was known as one of the greatest leaders and had many, many conquests
• forever be in the history books
• liked to mix the cultures together that he conquered

1. How old was he when he went on his first conquest?
2. what was his goal?

I give Emily a 96% because she had good information.

Friday in class we watched 2 different parts of movies. We only watched the battle scenes though. The movies were actually reallyy realistic. I wasn't expecting for the horse to be killed though in the last scence we watched. Everyone ran out of the room when it got killed.

• Alexander the Great
• beaucefulus
• Phillip the second is his father/dad
• Aristotle is Alexanders tutor
• Greeks are destined to rule
• Athens was allowed to keep 12 ships
• doesnt get along with father
• when he was 20 years old he took over
• out numbered 6-1

AMIR

the beginning

• in 323 bc alexander the great died in babylon, at age 32.
• when he died , it marked the beginning of the hellenic age
• empire was divided into 4 kingdoms

the 4 diadochoi

• lysimachus recieved thrace and the western part of asia minor
• ptolemy received egypt
• selecules recieved syria, mesopotamia
• cassander got macedonia and part of greece

important discoveries

• 270 BC  Aristarchus a Greek astronomer discovers an astronomical break through and states that the earth revolves around the sun
• in 250 bc  Archimedes a Greek mathematician announces his theories on the laws of specific gravity

the first Punic war

• the first war began in 264 bc, the war was fought between Carthage and the roman republic
• Archimedes was killed during the roman siege
• the first Punic war ended in 241 bc when the romans defeated the Carthaginians

the second Punic war

• the second Punic war lasted from 218-201 BC
• Rome declared war on Spain
• the roman empire gained land in northern Africa, span and the islands in the western Mediterranean

the third Punic war

• the third Punic war lasted from 149-146 BC ending the Hellenic age
• Rome demanded that the Carthaginians abandon their city and move into north Africa
• after Carthaginians refused the romans declared war and completely slaughtered the Carthaginians

I give Amir a 95%.

• 
  

MADI

• different time periods
• sculpture
• figurines
• life size statues
• Myron
• Greek sculpture in the middle of the 5th century
• sculpted athletics
• Phidias
• born in 470 bc
• in Athens
• sculpted zeus at olympius
• sculpted symbol of Athens
• lysippus
• sculpted Hercules
• polyclitus
• can be spelled in 2 other ways
• known for sculptures of young athletes
• none of his original survived
• sculpted from the side
• phidias was his rival
• phidias was better
• praxiteles
• not a lot about his life
• father was a sculpture too
• only one sculpture has survived
• did work in marble
• scopas
• worked on temples
• wandered from place to place
• located at museum in athens

1. Why were there different time periods?
2. How long did each time period last?
3. How else can polytictus be spelled?


I give madi a 95 because she had a lot of facts but she read a lot of it.

MARK

• Greek drama is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece
• tragedy
• late 6th century
• comedy
• 486 BC
• took their entertainment very seriously
• comedy plays
• comedy was important
• tragedy deals with the big themes of love, loss, pride the abuse of power and the fought relationships between men and gods. many of the love plays still happens today in reality
• satyr plays
• these short plays were performed between the acts of tragedies and made fun of the plight of the tragedy's characters
• theater buildings were called a theatron the theaters were large open air structures constructed
• th orchestra was a large circular area where they would play, dance, religious rites
• skene
• backdrops
• play was comprised of amateurs not pros
• usually all men , even for female parts
• masks were made of linen or cork, so none have survived

1. Did they take their comedy plays seriously too?
2. is satyr the same as comedy?
3. Why did they use cork masks?

I give mark a 100 because he had a lot of facts and it was easy to follow.

JASON

• Trojan was
• took place in many places other than troy
• goal was to shorten the supplies that were getting to troy so they would have to surrender
• greatest events in Greek mythology
• the date of the Trojan was from 1194-1184 bc
• in the mythological version of the Trojan was the warriors are able to sneak inside the walls of troy with a giant horse built out of wood that they hid inside of
• some people speculate that the horse existed
• the peloponnesian
• 431- 404 bc
• the cause of the Peloponnesian war was that Sparta was getting nervous about the growing power of Athens so they went to war
• the main thing that made them nervous was the power that the Athenian navy had
• Spartans had a good strategy
• war caused the Athenian economy to crash
• war ended with the Spartans capturing the Athenian navy
• Greek weapons
• shield
• spear
• ballista- siege weapon that could fire multiple arrows at long ranges
• dagger
• catapult
• Alexander the great
• greatest commander of all time
• undefeated in battle
• took over Persian empire and decided that he wanted to control all of the known world
• able to capture the Persian empires with just an army of 42,000 strong 
• eudemus
• one of Alexanders generals
• appointed by him to command the troops left in India
• took the territories of the Indian king and put him to death

I give Jason a 98 because he had a lot of facts and knew a lot about his subject!

1. How did alexander the great die?
2. How did they select their generals?
3. Did alexander ever get stabbed or hit?

EMILY STASUK

• collected data from random subjects that he met
• often no responses
• wanted to share his knowledge with the world
• led to philosopher Plato
• Socrates questions proposed radical thinking
• people didn't like it
• considered disrespectful to the gods
• charged with:
• impiety
• corruption of young mens minds
• couldn't charge them with political laws so they charged him with religious issues
• Peloponnesen war
• between Sparta and Athens
• The trial
• started in 399 bce
• large trial in front of Athenian jury
• convicted of charges
• sentenced to death at 70 years old
• had to drink hemlock
• poisonous plant
• falls into unconscious
• grow cold and rigid

1. What does non democratic thinking mean?
2. 
   

I give her a 96% because she had a lot of facts.

RACHEL

• extince in greece from the end of the mycenean period until the 7th century
• built temples, tombs, public meeting places, stadiums, amitheaters, and many other things
• parenon in rom is an example of the format of what the ancinent greek buildings looked like
• doric order
• oldest and simplest of the greek order's
• was used first
• ionic order
• used around 500 bc 
• fancier than the doric
• the corinthian order
• began around the same time as the ionic order
• ornate and had bell shaped tops

I give her a 97% because she had a lot of facts and presented it really well!

COLE

• age of pericles
• golden age of greece
• pericles was the leader at the time
• economic and military power of the world
• began after the Athenians defeated the Persians, one of the most powerful armies in the world
• Pericles
• aristocrat
• led Athens into their golden age
• made golden age end
• built the Parthenon
• gave people power to vote for the leaders of the state
• started the Peloponnese war
• built the Parthenon on the acropolis to show off the greatness of Greece
• Athens became an economic power of the Mediterranean world and also became a military power
• Athens became the head of the delian league
• Parthenon
• build of the ruins of temples that were burned down 20 years before
• built atop the acropolis to show it off
• took 15 years and was was the high point of Greece
• cost 5000 talons- 1 billion dollars
• inside was a statue of Athena
• cultural events
• many famous plays were written
• dramas and tragedies were invented as plays during this time, a big part of greek culture
• comedies came into being too
• scientific breakthroughs
• looked more into volcanoes and earthquakes
• Archimedes screw
• used to transfer water to a higher location
• aqueducts and bridges
• used to move water to Greece
• end of golden age
•  the golden age ended when Athens started the Peloponnese war and lost to Sparta
• their powerful navy was defeated so they had lost their advantageI

I give him a 97% because he had a lot of facts and could explain them but it was a lot.

COLLEEN

1. Why was Antisthenes so important?

• Aristotle founded logic theory
• went to exile voluntarily
• Thales
• first ever western philosopher
• no writing survived
• one of the seven wise men of Greece
• traveled to Egypt to study the science of geometry
• Greek philosophy
• first in the west to explore nature in a rational way and to make educated guesses about the creation of the world
• Allegory of the cave
• The unexamined life is not worth living.- Socrates.

I give Colleen a 100%.

Hellentic Age

• started when alexander the great die
• greece was conquered
• 
  

EMILY

1. Why did they hate math?
2. How many miles was the earth's circumfrence?

I give her a 99%. 

RITA

• Doubts that he was real
• born in greece
• court singer and storyteller
• homer probably didn't make up the illidad or odyssey himself
• odyssey- travels of odysseus
• doubtful that homer wrote them
• died natural death

1. How did he write the stories if he was blind?
2. Was he famous?
3. What were his writing styles?
4. 
   

I give her a 94%.

Today is the first day of the fourth. I got all my grades up to passing last quarter. Today in class we presented our powerpoints/presentations to other people in our class before we present them to the whole class. I think that I am well prepared for it. I hope i get a good grade on it because i worked really hard and i want to start the fourth quarter off good!

Friday in class we got 3 tests back. Then we went over the answers. I didn't do so good on the tests. It was also the end of the 3rd quarter. This year has gone by really fast. we were also assigned a project to do. we have to present to the class. i have to do greek poets and poetry.

Today in class we were assigned to do a project. We have to pretty much teach the class after we come back from break. We got to select our card. I got greek poetry/poets. This counts for the fourth quater. After that we started going over our test. I passed luckily! It was really hard though.

Yesterday in class we had a test. It was a really hard test but i passed! We were allowed to use our blogs for this test. It covered the greeks. It was 58 points. It covered Themistocles, Xerxes, Athens, Mycennaeans, arete and miths etc.

Pericles

• leader of Athens at the height of its power
• brought democracy
• wanted to glorify Athens.
• aristocrat- knew what the people wanted
• wanted Athens to be the most famous in all of history.
• 20 years ago, Persians burned down acropolis.
• he proposed to build it again
• Parthenon
• used to glorify Athens
• used 20 talons- 2 billion
• required 20 thousand tons of marble.
• was completed in 15 years.
• spiritual heart of the city
• frieze-  an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice
• hubris- Greek word that means arrogance

Downfall of Greece

• 431 bc, proposes to go to war with Sparta
• equal in power
• if they won, it would make them the un despuited ruler of the Mediterrean
• knew it wouldn't be easy to win
• convinced the Athenians to retreat and hide behind the wall
• thought that they would back down and win.

Aspasia

• known as an atria
• prostitute
• Pericles treated her as an equal, caused a stir
• divorced his wife for her
• let her into the inner circle

In the acropolis

• worlds first theater
• popular entertainment
• Greeks invented drama
• comedy
• tragedy

Oedipious

• told to kill father and marry mother
• kills father but doesn't know it's him
• marries mother and has kids

Themisticles

• realized that the persians might still be an enemy
• trireme- state of the art ship. stacking 170 oars on three levels
• light weight
• free power
• good manuverable
• would ram other ships with the point of the boat
• go as afast as they could go and ram into another one
• most advanced weapon
• take out another ship with 100s of people on it
• exspensive

Xerxes

• wants to burn athens
• began to gather his forces
• from everywhere
• 2 million man army
• set out for greece 480 bc
• "drank rivers dry"
• ravaging the land as they marched towards greece
• xerxes was confident
• greeks asked the oracle what was going to happen
• oracle of delphi
• built around a casam
• would go to discover their futurE
• GREEKS WIN.

Salamis

• fight in straight of salamis

Delian League

• had more than 200 things
• werent about conquering
• athens is in charge
• 
  

Hippias

• brother was killed
• went parinoid

Cleisthenes

Olympics

• 4000 people came to watch them
• to win would be the highlight of your life
• had extreme fame
• high value
• anyone could compete

Isagoris

• athenian aristocrat
• brought in the most powerful state
• going to turn athens into a subject state to sparta
• out for power
• wants to run athens like its part of sparta
• over 700 houses were cast, even cleisthenes house
• had to live under dictator
• the spartans
• people rose up againts him and threw him out of power
• first time that has ever been done
• Cleisthenes took over when he came back to athens

New Leader

• Cleisthenes took over
• had a meeting place
• instituded the simple vote
• white peble for yes
• black peble for no

Pheidippedes

• ran alone
• homeland about to be conquered by persian empire
• ran for freedom
• ran 140 miles in 2 days
• 
  

Hoplites- soldier

athenians out numbered 4-1

Themistocles

The Greeks, Crucible of Civilization

• 508 bc- ordinary people turned on their rulers.
• chleisthenes wanted them to govern themselves
• aristocrat- memeber of the ruling class
• acropolis- athens was founded, big area of rock. 
• could fend off the attacks of their raders
• famrers and tradesment houses were around the acropolis
• reading and writing was  a rare skill
• life expantancy was less than 15 years.
• life was tough
• weren't slaves but they were treated as bad as slaves but they were free
• no part or share in anything
• aristorcats owned everything
• athens seemed like a state that wouldn't progress
• mountainous
• greece was divided into city states- little nations
• sparta
• athens
• corren
• fought and had wars against each other
• didn't get along
• had a lot in common
• same language
• worshiped same god
• athens wasn't powerful

SPARTA

• lives were structured around war
• brought up to be a military man
• few possesions
• cloaks died red to conceal their blood or enimies blood
• food was bad
• people understood why they wanted to die
• intent on conquering
• women had a lot of rights
• when men were away they had to do their work
• run farm
• work
• children

Elidad and Oddysey written by homer

• mythical figures who had won them power
• heros
• found all over greek art

Tyrant

• someone who grabs control
• Pisistratus- cleisthenese brother in law
• came in with a tall chick that he said was named athena
• people believed it
• gave him legitinacy
• athens is named after her
• goddes
• zeus's daughter
• came in and seized control
•